Karaite Calendar 2023

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The Jews. (Also in various forms: Samaritans; Messianic Jews and other Christians, some groups claim to be related to the Israelites).

Karaite Calendar 2023

Counting the Omer (Hebrew: ספירת העומר, sfirat ha-Omer, sometimes abbreviated as sefira or omer) is an important practice in Judaism. It consists of an oral counting of each of the 49 days, beginning with the 49th of ripe grain, with a sacrifice immediately following the beginning (Hebrew: ראשיט‎, reishit) of the grain harvest and the Feast of First Fruits, which commemorates the harvest, known as Shavuot, often translated as Feast of the Week.

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In the Mosaic Law (Hebrew Bible: Deuteronomy 16:9–12, Leviticus 23:10–16); or in another Jewish holiday tradition, the period between Passover and Shavuot.

This mitzvah ("commandment") derives from the Torah's commandment to count forty-nine days from the day of offering the Omer, an offering containing a certain measure of barley, in the Jerusalem temple to the day before the offering. to the temple of Shavuot wheat. The counting of the Omer begins on the second day of Pesach (Nisan 16) for Rabbinic Jews (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform), and after the weekly Shabbat during Pesach for Karaite Jews, and the day before Shavuot, the fiftieth day.

Which God gave on Mount Sinai at the beginning of the month of Sivan, about the same time as the holiday of Shavuot. Sefer haKinuch (published anonymously in Spain in the 13th century) states that the Israelites were not released from Egypt until Passover to receive the Torah at Sinai, an event now celebrated on Shavuot, and to fulfill their laws. Counting the Omer shows how much a Jew wants to accept the Torah in his life.

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9. And the Lord commanded Moses, saying: 10. announce to the children of Israel and say to them: when you come to the land that I am giving you and harvest it, then take a bunch of the first fruits to your priest. 11 And he will wave the sheaf before the Lord to please you; tomorrow after saturday let the pope wave. 12. And on the day when you shake off the sheaf, offer a year-old lamb without blemish as a burnt offering to the Lord. 13. And the bread offering – two fifths of an ephah of wheat flour mixed with oil, a burnt offering to the Lord for a pleasant aroma; and the income from the wine will be a quarter of the tavern. 14 And eat no bread, nor liver, nor fresh grain until this day, until you have sacrificed to your God; it is an eternal law in all your houses. 15 And count from the next day a rest, from the day you brought the wave sheaf; seven weeks will be complete; 16. Until tomorrow after the seventh week, count fifty days; and offer a new sacrifice to the Lord. 17. Take out of your villages two loaves weighing two ephahs; they will be made of wheat flour, they will be baked from leaves, for the Lord's first fruits. 18 And seven lambs a year old without blemish, and one calf and two rams shall remain with the bread; they will be a burnt offering to the Lord, together with their offering and their likenesses, that is, a sacrifice for a pleasing spirit to the Lord. 19 And you shall offer one kid as a sin offering and two lambs of the first year as a sin offering. 20. and let the priest slaughter them before the Lord together with the bread of the first fruits and two lambs; they will be a sanctuary for the Lord for the priest. 21 And you shall proclaim it the same day; it shall be unto you a holy assembly; do not engage in any slave labor; this is an everlasting law in all your settlements throughout all your years. And you will count from tomorrow after the day of rest, from the day you brought the gamer to play; seven weeks will be complete;

9 Count all the weeks; from the time when the sickle was first laid upon the grain, you shall begin to count seven weeks. 10 And keep the feast of weeks to the Lord your God, according to the freewill offering of your hands, which you will give, as the Lord your God blesses you. 11 And rejoice before the Lord your God, you and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite who is near your gate, and the stranger, and the fatherless and the widow who is among you. , in the place that the Lord your God will choose, let His name dwell there. 12 And remember that you were a slave in Egypt; and to comply with and enforce these provisions.

However, the obligations in the times after the destruction of the Temple are the subject of some controversy. While the Rambam (Maimonides) suggests that the duty is still biblical,

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An omer a ("sheaf") is an ancient biblical measure of the volume of unmilled stalks of grain. On the Sunday following the start of each farmer's barley harvest, a priest waved a sheaf of barley from each farm into the temple in Jerusalem, signaling that the consumption of Hadash (grain from the new harvest) was permitted. A later tradition evolved into: during the Feast of Unleavened Bread in the Temple in Jerusalem, a homer of barley was offered, signaling permission to eat Hadash (grains from the new harvest). This offering took place "on the day after the day of rest," which has evolved to be interpreted again as either the second day of unleavened bread on the 16th day of the month or the day after the Sabbath during the Passover. On the fiftieth day from the beginning of the countdown, which corresponds to the holiday of Shavuot, two loaves of wheat were offered in the temple as a sign of the wheat harvest or as a reinterpretation of the beginning of the wheat harvest.

The origin of the counting of the "omer" comes from the Torah passages about the offering at the beginning of the grain harvest, with the 50th day marking the official day with a major holiday. The Torah itself states in Leviticus 23:15-16 and Deuteronomy 16:9-12 that the commandment is to count seven whole weeks from the beginning of the grain harvest with the feast of Shavuot on the fiftieth day. Shavuot became known as the holiday honoring the giving of the Torah to the Jewish people on the 6th of the Jewish month of Sivan.

Some later rabbinical sources connect Homer's account with the experiences of the Israelites in the wilderness. According to these sources, during the exodus, Moses announced that in 50 days he would celebrate a religious ceremony on Mount Sinai. People were so excited that they were counting the days until the ceremony. Later (according to the sources), when the Temple was destroyed and the offering of Homer ceased, the rabbis introduced the Count of Homer as a commemoration of the Count to Sinai.

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Compares the growth process of two types of cereal crops offered at both poles of the counting period. In ancient times, barley was a simpler food, while wheat was more luxurious. At Passover, the children of Israel were raised from the Egyptian exile, although they had sunk almost to the point of no return. Exodus was an undeserved gift from God, as food for ordinary beings who were not expected to develop their spiritual potential. Receiving the Torah created spiritual upliftment and active cooperation. Therefore, the Shavuot offering is "food for the people."

As soon as night falls (about thirty minutes after sunset), the one counting the Omer recites the following blessing:

Baruch Atah A-donai E-laheinu Melech Ha-olam asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotov v'tivanu ʿal Sfirat Ha-'omer. Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the universe, who sanctified us with your commandments and commanded us to count the Amer.

Prayer] For Enlightenment, By Basil Lucas Quixano Henriques (1916) • The Open Siddur Project פְּרוֺיֶּקט הַסִּדּוּר הַפָּתוּחַ

He or she declares the number of Omrs against the total number of days, weeks and days. For example, on the 23rd day, the number will be listed as follows: "Today is twenty-three days, that is, three."

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